CNC Machining Center Programming Tips
For CNC machining centers, programming is crucial, directly affecting the quality and efficiency of processing, I believe that we also love and hate programming. So how to quickly master the programming skills of CNC machining centers? Here with the old road to learn it!
[Pause instruction
G04X(U)_/P_ is the tool pause time (feed stop, spindle does not stop), the address P or X after the value is the pause time. X after the value to take a decimal point, otherwise this value of one thousandth of the calculation to the unit of seconds (s), P after the value can not take a decimal point (that is, the integer representation), to the unit of milliseconds (ms).
However, in some hole system processing instructions (such as G82, G88 and G89), in order to ensure that the bottom of the hole precision roughness, when the tool machining to the bottom of the hole need to have a pause time, this time can only be expressed in the address of the P, if the address of the X that the control system that the X is the X-axis coordinates of the value of the implementation of the X-axis.
The difference and connection between M00, M01, M02 and M03.
M00 is a program unconditional pause instruction. The program execution stops at this feed and the spindle stops. To restart the program, you must first return to the JOG state and press CW (positive spindle rotation) to start the spindle, then return to the AUTO state and press the START key to start the program.
M01 is the program selective pause instruction. Program execution must be opened before the control panel on the OPSTOP key to execute, after the implementation of the same effect as M00, to restart the program as above. M00 and M01 are often used in the middle of the processing of workpiece size inspection or chip removal.
M02 is the main program end instruction. Execute to this instruction, feed stop, spindle stop, coolant off. But the program cursor stops at the end of the program.
M30 is the main program end instruction. The function is the same as M02, the difference is that the cursor returns to the program head position, regardless of whether there are other program segments after M30.
Addresses D and H have the same meaning.
Tool compensation parameters D, H has the same function, can be arbitrarily interchanged, they are expressed in the CNC system in the name of the compensation register address, but the specific compensation value is how much, the key is to decide by the address of the compensation number behind them. However, in the machining center, in order to prevent errors, the general artificial provisions of H for the tool length compensation address, compensation number from 1 to 20, D for the tool radius compensation address, compensation number from 21 (20 tool magazine).
[Mirror Image Instruction
Mirror machining instructions M21, M22, M23. When mirroring only the X-axis or Y-axis, the order of tool travel during cutting (forward milling vs. reverse milling), the direction of tool mending, and the circular interpolation steering are reversed from the actual program. When mirroring both X-axis and Y-axis at the same time, the order of cutting, the direction of mending, and the direction of circular interpolation will remain unchanged.
Note: After using the mirror command, you must cancel it with M23 to avoid affecting the following programs. In G90 mode, when using mirror image or cancel instruction, it is necessary to return to the origin of workpiece coordinate system to use it. Otherwise, the CNC system can not calculate the trajectory of the later movement, and the phenomenon of chaotic tool travel will occur. This must be resolved by implementing manual home return operation. The spindle steering does not change with the mirror instruction.
Arc interpolation instruction
G02 is clockwise interpolation, G03 is counterclockwise interpolation, in the XY plane, the format is as follows: G02/G03X_Y_I_K_F_ or G02/G03X_Y_R_F_, in which X, Y are the coordinates of the end point of the arc, I, J are the incremental values from the start point of the arc to the center of the circle in the X and Y axes, R is the radius of the arc, and F is the feed.
Note that in the arc cutting, q ≤ 180 °, R is positive; q > 180 °, R is negative; I, K designation can also be used to designate R, when the two are specified at the same time, the R command is preferred, I, K is invalid; R can not be done to make a full circle cutting, full circle cutting can only be used to program I, J, K, because after the same point, the radius is the same as the circle of an infinite number of. When there is I, K is zero, it can be omitted; whether G90 or G91 way, I, J, K are programmed according to the relative coordinates; arc interpolation, you can not use the tool patch instruction G41 / G42.
Advantages and disadvantages between G92 and G54～G59
G54 ~ G59 is a coordinate system set before machining, while G92 is a coordinate system set in the program, there is no need to use G92 after using G54 ~ G59, otherwise G54 ~ G59 will be replaced and should be avoided.
Note: (1) Once G92 is used to set the coordinate system, using G54 to G59 again does not have any effect unless the power is turned off and the system is restarted, or G92 is then used to set the desired new workpiece coordinate system. (2) At the end of the program using G92, if the machine does not have a
[Pause instruction
G04X(U)_/P_ is the tool pause time (feed stop, spindle does not stop), the address P or X after the value is the pause time. X after the value to take a decimal point, otherwise this value of one thousandth of the calculation to the unit of seconds (s), P after the value can not take a decimal point (that is, the integer representation), to the unit of milliseconds (ms).
However, in some hole system processing instructions (such as G82, G88 and G89), in order to ensure that the bottom of the hole precision roughness, when the tool machining to the bottom of the hole need to have a pause time, this time can only be expressed in the address of the P, if the address of the X that the control system that the X is the X-axis coordinates of the value of the implementation of the X-axis.
The difference and connection between M00, M01, M02 and M03.
M00 is a program unconditional pause instruction. The program execution stops at this feed and the spindle stops. To restart the program, you must first return to the JOG state and press CW (positive spindle rotation) to start the spindle, then return to the AUTO state and press the START key to start the program.
M01 is the program selective pause instruction. Program execution must be opened before the control panel on the OPSTOP key to execute, after the implementation of the same effect as M00, to restart the program as above. M00 and M01 are often used in the middle of the processing of workpiece size inspection or chip removal.
M02 is the main program end instruction. Execute to this instruction, feed stop, spindle stop, coolant off. But the program cursor stops at the end of the program.
M30 is the main program end instruction. The function is the same as M02, the difference is that the cursor returns to the program head position, regardless of whether there are other program segments after M30.
Addresses D and H have the same meaning.
Tool compensation parameters D, H has the same function, can be arbitrarily interchanged, they are expressed in the CNC system in the name of the compensation register address, but the specific compensation value is how much, the key is to decide by the address of the compensation number behind them. However, in the machining center, in order to prevent errors, the general artificial provisions of H for the tool length compensation address, compensation number from 1 to 20, D for the tool radius compensation address, compensation number from 21 (20 tool magazine).
[Mirror Image Instruction
Mirror machining instructions M21, M22, M23. When mirroring only the X-axis or Y-axis, the order of tool travel during cutting (forward milling vs. reverse milling), the direction of tool mending, and the circular interpolation steering are reversed from the actual program. When mirroring both X-axis and Y-axis at the same time, the order of cutting, the direction of mending, and the direction of circular interpolation will remain unchanged.
Note: After using the mirror command, you must cancel it with M23 to avoid affecting the following programs. In G90 mode, when using mirror image or cancel instruction, it is necessary to return to the origin of workpiece coordinate system to use it. Otherwise, the CNC system can not calculate the trajectory of the later movement, and the phenomenon of chaotic tool travel will occur. This must be resolved by implementing manual home return operation. The spindle steering does not change with the mirror instruction.
Arc interpolation instruction
G02 is clockwise interpolation, G03 is counterclockwise interpolation, in the XY plane, the format is as follows: G02/G03X_Y_I_K_F_ or G02/G03X_Y_R_F_, in which X, Y are the coordinates of the end point of the arc, I, J are the incremental values from the start point of the arc to the center of the circle in the X and Y axes, R is the radius of the arc, and F is the feed.
Note that in the arc cutting, q ≤ 180 °, R is positive; q > 180 °, R is negative; I, K designation can also be used to designate R, when the two are specified at the same time, the R command is preferred, I, K is invalid; R can not be done to make a full circle cutting, full circle cutting can only be used to program I, J, K, because after the same point, the radius is the same as the circle of an infinite number of. When there is I, K is zero, it can be omitted; whether G90 or G91 way, I, J, K are programmed according to the relative coordinates; arc interpolation, you can not use the tool patch instruction G41 / G42.
Advantages and disadvantages between G92 and G54～G59
G54 ~ G59 is a coordinate system set before machining, while G92 is a coordinate system set in the program, there is no need to use G92 after using G54 ~ G59, otherwise G54 ~ G59 will be replaced and should be avoided.
Note: (1) Once G92 is used to set the coordinate system, using G54 to G59 again does not have any effect unless the power is turned off and the system is restarted, or G92 is then used to set the desired new workpiece coordinate system. (2) At the end of the program using G92, if the machine does not have a
